Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, programs, and data from unauthorized access, damage, theft, or disruption. It involves a combination of technologies, processes, and best practices designed to defend against cyber threats such as hacking, malware, phishing, and data breaches.
Cybersecurity is like digital security — just as you lock your doors to protect your home, cybersecurity helps protect your digital assets from intruders and attacks.
In the European Union, cybersecurity for businesses is governed by a mix of regulations, directives, and industry standards. Here's a breakdown of the main cybersecurity rules and frameworks that businesses operating in the EU should follow.
Note: Albania is aligning with EU legislation as part of the accession process — many of these standards are being adopted already.
Even when laws are not specific, regulators expect:
To protect its data, a business should implement layered security measures, including strong access controls, data encryption, regular backups, endpoint protection, employee training, and continuous monitoring for threats. It should also align with relevant compliance frameworks (like GDPR or ISO 27001) and have an incident response plan in place to quickly contain and recover from any breaches.
Backups are a crucial part of cybersecurity, but they alone won’t fully protect you from cyber threats. To stay protected, backups should be part of a broader cybersecurity strategy—including firewalls, endpoint protection, staff training, threat detection, and access controls. And importantly: your backups should be offline, encrypted, and regularly tested to ensure they’re usable when you need them.
To build cyber resilience, businesses should implement strong access controls with multi-factor authentication, keep systems updated, and encrypt sensitive data. Regular, secure, and tested backups—ideally stored offline—are essential for recovery. Real-time monitoring, threat detection, and a well-defined incident response plan help ensure quick action when threats arise. Equally important is educating staff through ongoing cybersecurity training and phishing simulations to reduce human risk. These combined measures protect data, minimize downtime, and support compliance with evolving regulations.
In the European Union, businesses are responsible for protecting personal and operational data by implementing strong security measures, conducting regular risk assessments, and ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. They must comply with GDPR and NIS2 regulations by reporting breaches promptly, securing supply chains, and training employees on cybersecurity best practices. Documentation, vendor oversight, and—where required—the appointment of a Data Protection Officer are also key responsibilities, ensuring resilience, legal compliance, and trust in digital operations.
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